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Topic · Evidence and knowledge boundaries

Source coverage is not market coverage

Research may cover several sources and still leave large parts of a market unobserved. The material consulted reflects choices about scope, language, geography, access, period and relevance. Without a framework that defines the market and justifies coverage, the number or variety of sources reviewed cannot become a claim of completeness about organizations, capabilities or opportunities.

In brief

Source coverage describes which materials entered research under particular conditions. Market coverage asks which portion of a relevant universe is represented and needs its own definition of the market, eligible subjects, channels and observation limits. AXIGNAL should not treat a broad source or visible list as the whole market; an organization missing from the reviewed set remains unknown.

Define what market means for the question

A market may be bounded by need, product, buyer, geography, period or delivery conditions, and different questions create different universes. An organization's location does not automatically define its full reach; reach should be reasoned about by capability and context. Before claiming coverage, explain who may be included, what remains outside and why the definition fits the decision being researched.

Describe the source sample and possible bias

Selected sources may favor large organizations, regulated sectors, dominant languages or entities with greater digital presence. Others may publish no data, use different channels or be excluded by rights and access. Listing what was reviewed helps define the research scope but does not remove selection bias. A sample useful for a bounded question is not automatically representative of an entire market.

Keep absence and unknown visible

If a company does not appear in a source set, the only established point may be that it was not found there under described conditions. This does not show that it does not operate, lacks a capability or has no demand. The absence may be an observation gap worth another question, or it may not matter. Interpretation should not assign a negative score for missing coverage.

Communicate coverage with denominators and limits

When a coverage measure is justified, preserve the defined universe, period, eligible sources, observed items and uncertainty. A total without a denominator does not explain what it represents. A source with many records may still omit important actor types or geographies. Separating observation coverage from market size describes what is known without claiming a complete view the method does not establish.

Conceptual example

Hypothetical: an analysis reviews public directories in one country to find manufacturers of a part. Its result can describe organizations found in those directories under the search conditions. Without a validated universe of manufacturers and compatible sources for the period, it does not show that the list contains every supplier or measure total demand for the part.

Scope and limits

Complete coverage is often difficult to define and demonstrate in open economies. Sources change, have different rights and represent different populations. A proportion is interpretable only when its denominator and inclusion criteria are defensible. Missing data, a search not performed and economic nonexistence are different claims; none should replace another without specific evidence.

Editorial basis

This page explains product doctrine and boundaries. It does not demonstrate source coverage or observed outcomes.

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